Vietnam’s Memory Diplomacy: Curating the Past for an Uncertain Future
Vietnam is intensifying its use of memory diplomacy—leveraging collective memory to support foreign policy—as it navigates growing geopolitical tensions and competing alliances. This approach helps Hanoi maintain multidirectional relations by balancing remembrance of past solidarity with traditional partners and highlighting pre-war and post-war diplomatic ties with the US.
Commemorative Activities Strengthening Alliances
In 2025, Vietnam reinforced its connections with former comrades-in-arms through significant commemorative events. On April 30, soldiers from China, Laos, and Cambodia marched alongside Vietnamese forces during the 50th anniversary parade marking national reunification, the end of the Vietnam War.
On September 2, military groups from these countries and Russia participated in the 80th anniversary parade celebrating Vietnam’s national independence, further cementing longstanding partnerships.
Memorials Honouring International Support
Earlier in the year, Vietnam’s Ministry of Defence unveiled a new memorial at the Vietnam Military History Museum. The site features monuments dedicated to Soviet, Cuban, Chinese, Lao, and Cambodian soldiers and advisors who supported Vietnam’s wars for independence, symbolizing gratitude and shared history.
Ongoing Engagement in Partner Nations’ Ceremonies
Vietnam continues to engage actively in the major ceremonies of its traditional allies, demonstrating its commitment to sustaining these diplomatic bonds through memory and shared historical narratives.
"Memory diplomacy — the strategic use of collective memory to advance foreign policy goals — is central to how Vietnam manages relations with key diplomatic partners."
Author’s summary: Vietnam strategically uses shared historical memories to strengthen alliances and navigate complex geopolitical rivalries, balancing old friendships with new diplomatic openings.